Factors associated with the control of random blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence and the risk of chronic complications caused by uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Poor control of random blood glucose can lead to serious health consequences, including cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and neuropathy. Various factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, access to health services, family support, and medication adherence are believed to influence blood glucose control. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the control of random blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Lampung Regency in 2025. Methods:  This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 27 public health centers in North Lampung Regency, totaling 6,770 patients. A sample of 382 respondents was selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record data. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: The results showed that several factors were significantly associated with the control of random blood glucose levels, including age (p=0.036), gender (p=0.025), education (p=0.040), knowledge (p=0.001), access to health services (p=0.031), family support (p=0.037), health worker support (p=0.039), perception of the disease (p=0.039), and medication adherence (p=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that medication adherence was the most dominant factor influencing blood glucose control, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.75.. Conclusions: There are significant factors associated with the control of random blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly medication adherence as the most dominant factor. Strengthening patient education, improving access to health services, and enhancing family and health worker support are essential to improve medication adherence and achieve optimal blood glucose control.