Deadema setosum Flour to Improve Growth Hormone, Brain Cell Necrosis, and Liver Cell Inflammation in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus): A Local Food Intervention Model for Chronic Malnutrition
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the growth hormone, histological changes in liver and brain tissue after administering Deadema setosum flour. This research was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The research sample was 15 Rattus norwegicus aged 5-7 weeks, who experienced chronic malnutrition, consisting of 5 groups that were determined randomly and given different treatments, namely: K+ (with standard feed and growth hormone injection at a dose of 1 ml), K- (with standard feed), F1 (with standard feed and Deadema setosum flour: 1 gram/day), F2 (with standard feed and Deadema setosum flour: 2 grams/day) and F3 (standard feed and Deadema setosum flour: 3 grams/ day). The intervention was carried out for 12 days, then growth hormone in the blood of levels and a histological examination of the brain was carried out including neuron cells, cortex, pyramids and neuroglia. Growth hormone (GFH-1) levels were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Imuno Sorbent assay) method. Liver histology changes observed were central veins, liver cells and inflammatory cells; while the brain histological changes observed were neurons, cortex, pyramid cells and neuroglial cells. Next, the observation results were compared between the five sample groups. The examination results for each group were as follows: 1) K+: all brain cells and liver cells were in normal condition; K-: necrosis of all brain cells, necrosis of neuroglia cells in the pyknosis phase and inflammation of liver cells with the qualification “+4”; F1: necrosis of all brain cells, necrosis of neuroglia cells in the pyknosis phase and inflammation of liver cells with the qualification “+3”, F2: necrosis of cortex cells and inflammation of liver cells with the qualification “+2”; and F3: all brain cells were normal and liver cell inflammation occurs with the qualification “+1”. It was concluded that administering Deadema setosum flour at a dose of 3 grams/day can maintain, prevent and repair cell damage due to chronic malnutrition.
References
De Sanctis, V., Soliman, A., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., Hamed, N. 2021. Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: from childhood to adulthood. Acta Biomed. 92(1): e2021168.
Asgari, I., Rahmani, K., Taslimi, A. 2006. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties supplementary food prepared from germinated wheat and lentil. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran). 3(8): 33-39.
Morales, F., Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Leon, M.J., Rivero-Pino, F. 2023. Effects of malnutrition on the immune system and infection and the role of nutritional strategies regarding improvements in children's health status: A literature review. Nutrients. 16(1): 1.
Fan, Y., Yao, Q., Liu, Y., Jia, T., Zhang, J., Jiang, E. 2022. Underlying causes and co-existence of malnutrition and infections: An exceedingly common death risk in cancer. Front Nutr. 9: 814095.
Zhang, G., Wang, J., Zhao, Z. et al. 2022. Regulated necrosis, a proinflammatory cell death, potentially counteracts pathogenic infections. Cell Death Dis. 13: 637.
Abubakar, L., Mwangi, C., Uku, J., Ndirangu, S. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Echinoidea). J Pharmacol Ther. 1(1): 19-23.
Bronstein, O., Kroh, A., Loya, Y. 2016. Reproduction of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum in the Gulf of Aqaba - implications for the use of gonad-indexes. Sci Rep. 6: 29569.
Vimono, I.B., Borsa, P., Hocdé, R., Pouyaud, L. 2023. Phylogeography of long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum across the Indo-Malay archipelago. Zool Stud. 62: e39.
Vafidis, D., Antoniadou, C., Voulgaris, K., Varkoulis, A., Apostologamvrou, C. 2021. Abundance and population characteristics of the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in the south Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). J Biol Res (Thessalon). 28(1): 11.
Karmilah, K., Badia, E. 2019. Pengaruh bentuk sediaan ekstrak gonad landak laut (Diadema setosum) sebagai penyembuh luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Wind Heal J Kesehat. 2(5): 12.
Kresnamurti, A., Angelica, N., Izazi, F. 2021. Uji aktivitas antihiperglikemia ekstrak etanol 70% Echinometra mathaei pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi aloksan. J Herbal, Clin Pharm Sci. 2(1): 29.
Idawati, N., Novita, I., Nurdiansyah, S.I, Minsas, S., Siregar, S. 2022. Identifikasi kolagen dari cangkang bulu babi (Diadema setosum) asal perairan pulau Lemukutan. Marinade. 05(02): 136–41.
Silaban, B.B., Srimariana, E.S. 2013. Kandungan nutrisi dan pemanfaatan gonad bulu babi (Echinothirxs calamaris) dalam pembuatan kue bluder. JPHPI. 16(2): 108–18.
Abdelkarem, F.M., Desoky, E.E.K., Nafady, A.M., Allam, A.E., Mahdy, A., Ashour, A., Shimizu, K. 2020. Diadema setosum: isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity toward human cervical cancer. Natural Product Research. 36(4): 1118–1122.
Salma, W.O., Wahyuni, S., Yusuf, I., Haya, L.O.M.Y., Yusuf, I., As ́ad, S. 2016. Immune nutrient content of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) gonads. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 5(5): 330-336.
Lu, M., Flanagan, J.U., Langley, R.J., Hay, M.P., Perry, J.K. 2019. Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 4: 3.
Donato, J.Jr., Wasinski, F., Furigo, I.C., Metzger, M., Frazão, R. 2021. Central regulation of metabolism by growth hormone. Cells. 10(1): 129.
Caputo, M., Pigni, S., Agosti, E., Daffara, T., Ferrero, A., Filigheddu, N., Prodam, F. 2021. Regulation of GH and GH Signaling by Nutrients. Cells. 10(6): 1376.
Arce, V.M., Devesa, P., Devesa, J. 2013. Role of growth hormone (GH) in the treatment on neural diseases: from neuroprotection to neural repair. Neurosci Res. 76(4): 179-86.
Karnila, R., Iriani, I., Shaarani, S.Md., Yunus, A.A., Salma R. 2022. Nutritional characteristics of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in Bungus, West Sumatera Province. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1118: 012037.
Mukamel, E.A., Ngai, J. 2019. Perspectives on defining cell types in the brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 56: 61-68.
Trefts, E., Gannon, M., Wasserman, D.H. 2017. The liver. Curr Biol. 27(21): R1147-R1151.
Peñalver, R., Lorenzo, J.M., Ros, G., Amarowicz, R., Pateiro, M., Nieto, G. Seaweeds as a Functional Ingredient for a Healthy Diet. Mar Drugs. 18(6): 301.
Patel, S., Patel, S., Kotadiya, A., Patel, S., Shrimali, B., Joshi, N., Patel, T., Trivedi, H., Patel, J., Joharapurkar, A., Jain, M. 2024. Age-related changes in hematological and biochemical profiles of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res. 40(1): 7.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Health Dynamics || Open Access Journal || Online version only || Publisher: Knowledge Dynamics || ISSN: 3006-5518 (online) || Contact: healthdynamics.journal@gmail.com; +8801814901991; +6282136364408